+ verslag

35 files changed, 3150 insertions, 8 deletions

diff --git a/Smoke/Week 2.suo b/Smoke/Week 2.suo
index 4b7ea18..93aecb8 100644
--- a/Smoke/Week 2.suo
+++ b/Smoke/Week 2.suo
diff --git a/Smoke/renderer_gl.c b/Smoke/renderer_gl.c
index 62f513f..1e2e27c 100644
--- a/Smoke/renderer_gl.c
+++ b/Smoke/renderer_gl.c
@@ -352,6 +352,8 @@ int LoadTextures(void)
     status = FALSE;

   }

 

+  glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, NULL);

+

   return status;

 

 } // LoadTextures

@@ -373,7 +375,7 @@ static void render_glyph(GLUquadricObj *qobj, float x_value, float y_value, floa
 
   x0 = wn + (fftw_real)i * wn;
   y0 = hn + (fftw_real)j * hn;
-  z0 = 0.0f;
+  z0 = 100.0f;
   
   x1 = x0 + (vec_scale * x_value)/4;
   y1 = y0 + (vec_scale * y_value)/4;
@@ -411,9 +413,9 @@ static void render_glyph(GLUquadricObj *qobj, float x_value, float y_value, floa
         glTranslatef(-x0, -y0, -z0);
 
         glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP);
-          glVertex2d(-10 * size + x0, -25 * size + y0);
-          glVertex2d( 0  * size + x0,  25 * size + y0);
-		      glVertex2d( 10 * size + x0, -25 * size + y0);
+          glVertex3f(-10 * size + x0, -25 * size + y0, z0);
+          glVertex3f( 0  * size + x0,  25 * size + y0, z0);
+		      glVertex3f( 10 * size + x0, -25 * size + y0, z0);
         glEnd();
 
         glRotatef(-theta, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
@@ -444,18 +446,20 @@ static void render_glyph(GLUquadricObj *qobj, float x_value, float y_value, floa
 
       glPushMatrix();
       
+        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]);
         glTranslatef(x0, y0, z0);
         glRotatef(theta, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         glTranslatef(-x0, -y0, -z0);
 
         glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP);
-          glTexCoord2f(1, 1); glVertex2d( 20 * size + x0,  20 * size + y0);
-          glTexCoord2f(0, 1); glVertex2d(-20 * size + x0,  20 * size + y0);
-		      glTexCoord2f(1, 0); glVertex2d( 20 * size + x0, -20 * size + y0);
-          glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex2d(-20 * size + x0, -20 * size + y0);
+          glTexCoord2f(1, 1); glVertex3f( 20 * size + x0,  20 * size + y0, z0);
+          glTexCoord2f(0, 1); glVertex3f(-20 * size + x0,  20 * size + y0, z0);
+		      glTexCoord2f(1, 0); glVertex3f( 20 * size + x0, -20 * size + y0, z0);
+          glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-20 * size + x0, -20 * size + y0, z0);
         glEnd();
 
         glRotatef(-theta, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
+        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, NULL);
 
       glPopMatrix();
       break;
diff --git a/Smoke/report/2IV35-Report.aux b/Smoke/report/2IV35-Report.aux
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e49bb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Smoke/report/2IV35-Report.aux
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+\relax 

+\@input{toc.aux}

+\@input{chapter1.aux}

+\@input{chapter2.aux}

+\@input{chapter3.aux}

+\@input{chapter4.aux}

+\@input{chapter5.aux}

+\@input{chapter6.aux}

+\@input{chapter7.aux}

+\@input{chapter8.aux}

+\@input{chapter9.aux}

diff --git a/Smoke/report/2IV35-Report.dvi b/Smoke/report/2IV35-Report.dvi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2143745
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Smoke/report/2IV35-Report.dvi
diff --git a/Smoke/report/2IV35-Report.log b/Smoke/report/2IV35-Report.log
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb8fe8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Smoke/report/2IV35-Report.log
@@ -0,0 +1,652 @@
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diff --git a/Smoke/report/2IV35-Report.pdf b/Smoke/report/2IV35-Report.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8c31e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Smoke/report/2IV35-Report.pdf
diff --git a/Smoke/report/2IV35-Report.tex b/Smoke/report/2IV35-Report.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ae26c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Smoke/report/2IV35-Report.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+\documentclass[12pt, a4paper]{report}

+\usepackage{graphicx}

+\usepackage{amsmath}

+\usepackage{amsfonts}

+\usepackage{moreverb}

+\usepackage{color}

+

+\begin{document}

+

+  % Title page

+  \title{Visualization 2IV35}

+  \author{Oliver Schinagl (...)\\Wilrik De Loose (0601583)}

+  %\date{29th of August 2007}

+  \maketitle

+

+%no paragraph indentation

+\parindent = 0in

+

+\include{toc}

+\include{chapter1}

+\include{chapter2}

+\include{chapter3}

+\include{chapter4}

+\include{chapter5}

+\include{chapter6}

+\include{chapter7}

+\include{chapter8}

+\include{chapter9}

+

+\end{document}

diff --git a/Smoke/report/2IV35-Report.toc b/Smoke/report/2IV35-Report.toc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..088dc5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Smoke/report/2IV35-Report.toc
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Introduction}{3}

+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}The skeleton code}{5}

+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Grid-based smoke}{5}

+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Internal structure}{6}

+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Color mapping}{7}

+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Description}{7}

+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}Implementation}{8}

+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}Difficulties}{8}

+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Glyphs}{9}

+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Description}{9}

+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}Implementation}{10}

+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.3}Difficulties}{11}

+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.4}Quake root}{11}

+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Divergence}{13}

+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Description}{13}

+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}Implementation}{13}

+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.3}Difficulties}{14}

+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {6}Isosurfaces}{15}

+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.1}Description}{15}

+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.2}Implementation}{15}

+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.3}Difficulties}{17}

+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {7}Height plots}{18}

+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.1}Description}{18}

+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.2}Implementation}{18}

+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.2.1}Normal vector}{19}

+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.3}Difficulties}{19}

+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.3.1}Rotation}{19}

+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.3.2}Height strips}{20}

+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.3.3}Calculating the normal}{20}

+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {8}Streamtubes}{21}

+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.1}Description}{21}

+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.2}Implementation}{21}

+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.3}Difficulties}{22}

+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {9}Conclusion}{23}

+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.1}Visualization}{23}

+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.2}The course}{24}

diff --git a/Smoke/report/ambiguous.png b/Smoke/report/ambiguous.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8cc4579
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Smoke/report/ambiguous.png
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diff --git a/Smoke/report/chapter1.tex b/Smoke/report/chapter1.tex
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index 0000000..2ba37ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Smoke/report/chapter1.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+\chapter{Introduction}

+

+The visualization course focuses on the techniques and algorithms used to visualize large data sets. The code of a 2D fluid simulator was distributed to implement

+such techniques on top of the existing code. \\

+

+\begin {center}

+  \includegraphics[width=120mm]{practical.png} \\

+  Figure 1: Practical assignment \\

+\end {center}

+

+The above figure illustrates the different assignments. After doing step 3 there were two different ways to continue the practical assignment. We chose

+to take the left branch of the figure which, amongst others, involved implementing isosurfaces and hight plots. \\

+

+Every chapter in this report discusses a particular objective from the practical assignment. The next chapter will briefly talk about the skeleton program and how

+we adapted the code to be able to add functionality. Chapter 3 will discuss the color mapping, chapter 4 is about glyphs and so on. \\

+

+We will discuss a few subjects for each practical assignment. Each chapter gives a short description of each technique with a couple of screenshots, it talks about

+how we implemented the technique and what problems we encountered if any. \\

+

+We end our report giving a detailed conclusion about visualization in general and the visualization course. \\

diff --git a/Smoke/report/chapter2.aux b/Smoke/report/chapter2.aux
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diff --git a/Smoke/report/chapter2.tex b/Smoke/report/chapter2.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be2ccca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Smoke/report/chapter2.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+\chapter{The skeleton code}

+

+The provided code for the course contains an implementation of a real-time fluid flow simulation. The fluid flows under the influence of a user-controlled force

+field. The simulation follows the Navier-Stokes equations for fluid flow. These equations describe how the velocity, pressure, temperature and density of a moving

+fluid are related. \\

+

+\section{Grid-based smoke}

+

+The visualization is done using a two dimensional grid as opposed to particle-based smoke visualization techniques. At every vertex a number of fluid attributes are

+stored. The skeleton program keeps track of the density, velocity and force. Using different techniques, these attributes can be visualized. Each and every

+attribute has its own 'preferred' visualization technique. \\

+

+Using these values at the cell's vertices all sorts of techniques, additional values and other useful info can be used. The values are used in colormap techniques,

+calculation of the divergence and the rendering of the hight plots. \\

+

+\begin {center}

+  \includegraphics[width=70mm]{flow_vis.png} \\

+  Figure 2: Fluid visualization \\

+\end {center}

+

+The above screenshot shows us the fluid movement using a grey colormap. This simple yet effective visualization technique is explained in chapter 3. \\

+

+\section{Internal structure}

+

+The first assignment was to simply compile the code. That was fairly easy. However, the code was a bit unstructured. Everything was put into one big file. To be

+able to add additional functionality without losing sight of what we were doing, we created a new file for every new technique we implemented. The second thing we

+did is we split up the calculations, the rendering functions and user interactions from each other. \\

+

+With this new structure we were able to manage the code and add additional functionality. We also used SVN to manage our project. This was very useful since we both

+had different development environments and also did a lot of work at home. \\

diff --git a/Smoke/report/chapter3.aux b/Smoke/report/chapter3.aux
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diff --git a/Smoke/report/chapter3.tex b/Smoke/report/chapter3.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f29bea
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+++ b/Smoke/report/chapter3.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+\chapter{Color mapping}

+

+In chapter 2 we saw a figure (figure 2) which showed a fluid in motion. The fluid had a very bright grey color. How is this color determined at every vertex?

+

+\section{Description}

+

+The technique that maps a value to a specific color is called color mapping. We already explained that the simulation is divided into a two dimensional array of

+different values. A colormap calculates the color, given a certain colormap function, for every value at a vertex. Example: \\

+

+In figure 2 we saw the smoke using a grey scaled colormap. If we know that the values at the vertices ranges from 0 to 1, we can use the value to determine each

+color aspect, red, green and blue. This means, for each vertex:

+

+$$ red = green = blue = value $$

+

+To be able to reason about the colored images, we added a legend at the top of the screen. The leftmost colors indicate low values and the rightmost colors indicate

+high values. With such a colormap legend, it's easier to understand the produced images and say something about the value of the fluid. \\

+

+You are also able to set the number of used colors. At default this value is set to 256 colors, but you can easily set that amount to 16 using a slider. You will

+see big bands of colors appear. This way, the line between certain values becomes more visible. \\

+

+\section{Implementation}

+

+We implemented a number of colormaps.

+

+\section{Difficulties}

+

+The last mechanisms to implement for this assignment were scaling and clamping. With clamping you let the user set a minimum and maximum for the values. Actual data

+higher than the maximum or lower to the minimum are clamped to the maximum or minimum respectively. \\

+

+The clamping mechanism was a bit more subtle. At every frame, the minimum and maximum values are stored and the entire dataset at the current time moment is mapped

+to the visible colormap. This is not so hard to do, but we had not foreseen that values could also be negative. It wasn't until we implemented the divergence that

+we found this problem. \\

diff --git a/Smoke/report/chapter4.aux b/Smoke/report/chapter4.aux
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diff --git a/Smoke/report/chapter4.tex b/Smoke/report/chapter4.tex
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index 0000000..697feab
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+\chapter{Glyphs}

+

+When taking a snapshot of the moving fluid a lot of information about the simulation is lost. The direction the fluid was heading for instance. Glyphs are used to

+take care of such problems. \\

+

+\section{Description}

+

+\textit{"Glyphs are icons that convey the value (orientation, magnitude) of a vector field by means of several graphical icons, such as arrows."} \\

+

+\begin {center}

+  \includegraphics[width=100mm]{glyphs.png} \\

+  Figure 3: Triangle glyphs with a grey scaled colormap\\

+\end {center}

+

+What does it mean? The smoke in our fluid simulation has a direction and speed. These two values can be represented by a vector encoding the direction as the

+orientation and the speed as the magnitude. If you draw this vector for each vertex you get a vector field that shows the direction and speed of the fluid at each

+vertex. \\

+

+In the figure above (figure 3) you see triangle glyphs with a grey scaled colormap. In the lower right region you can see that the fluid is moving upwards where at

+the rest of the simulation the fluid is trying to get to the bottom of the screen. \\

+

+\section{Implementation}

+

+We implemented three additional glyphs besides the already implemented hedgehogs. We implemented triangles (see figure 3), 3D cones and 32x32 bitmap image glyphs

+(see figure 4). For every vertex we go through a set of steps.

+

+\begin{itemize}

+  \item calculate size (length)

+  \item calculate angle (rotation)

+  \item rotate and render object \\

+\end{itemize}

+

+The length is calculated using the following equation of Pythagoras:

+

+$$ length = \sqrt{x^3 + y^3 + z^3}  $$

+

+The angle $ \Theta $ of the glyph is calculated using the inner product ($ inprod $). The inner product is used to calculate the glyphs angle:

+

+$$ \Theta = acos(inprod) * (180^\circ / \Pi) $$ \\

+

+\begin {center}

+  \includegraphics[width=100mm]{glyphs2.png} \\

+  Figure 4: Image glyphs colored with a rainbow colormap \\

+\end {center}

+

+The second part of this assignment was to let the user be able to choose an alternative resolution for the sample grid. The default grid resolution is 50x50. The

+user is now able to alter that resolution. We use the value of the nearest-neighbor for the glyph to visualize it. \\

+

+\section{Difficulties}

+

+We had some troubles with calculating the angle of the glyph. For some reason the calculation checks the smallest angle which is between $ 0^\circ $ and $ 180^\circ

+$. When we located this irregularity it was easily fixed. \\

+

+\section{Quake root}

+

+A nice side note to this chapter is that we don't use the default $ sqrt(float) $ function that the C-library offers to determine the length of a vector for

+instance. We use a function that we like to call the $ quake\_root(float) $ from the game Quake 3. \\

+

+The code implements the Newton Approximation of roots. The Newton approximation is supposed to be ran in iterations; each iteration enhances the accuracy until

+enough iterations have been made for reaching the desired accuracy. The really interesting aspect of this function is a magic constant, used to calculate the

+initial guess. Only one Newton approximation iteration is required for a low relative error of $ 10^{-3} $. \\

+

+The function runs up to 4 times faster than the $ sqrt(float) $ function, even though it's usually implemented using the FSQRT assembly instruction! \\

+

+You can read more about the magical square root at: \\

+\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,1.00}{\underline{http://www.codemaestro.com/reviews/9}}

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diff --git a/Smoke/report/chapter5.tex b/Smoke/report/chapter5.tex
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+\chapter{Divergence}

+

+The divergence shows the amount of mass which is compressed or expanded. If mass enters the field at some point, called a source point, then that point will have a

+positive divergence value. If mass exits the field at some point, called a sink point, then that point will have a negative divergence value. \\

+

+\section{Description}

+

+After implementing the glyphs it was time for the divergence. This is a value which can be calculated using the already known value at each vertex and that of its

+neighbors. \\

+

+\section{Implementation}

+

+The calculation of the divergence is rather simple. For the divergence of the velocity it looks like:

+

+$$ \nabla \cdot v = \frac{\partial v}{\partial x} + \frac{\partial v}{\partial y} = $$

+$$ \frac{v_x(i + 1, j) - v_x(i, j)}{cell_x} + \frac{v_y(i + 1, j) - v_y(i, j)}{cell_y}$$

+

+Where $ v_x(i, j) $ is the x-value at the gridpoint (i, j) and similar for the y-value. The $ cell_x $ and $ cell_y $ are the width and height of the cell. We also

+implemented the divergence of the force field. \\

+

+The definition of the divergence says high values should appear where matter is injected and low values where matter exits the field. This means high values should

+appear in front of the mouse while dragging and low values behind it. \\

+

+\section{Difficulties}

+

+Although we have a good definition of what the divergence is and what the result should look like, it is rather difficult to verify it using the simulation. This is

+a know difficulty. The divergence can be verified by setting up a test environment where the outcome of the divergence should be obvious. For instance create one

+source and one sink point. \\

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+Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!

+Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont!

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+

+chapter6.tex:35: Undefined control sequence

+The control sequence at the end of the top line

+of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have

+misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct

+spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,

+and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.

+

+Missing character: There is no [ in font nullfont!

+Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont!

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+chapter6.tex:35: Missing number, treated as zero

+A number should have been here; I inserted `0'.

+(If you can't figure out why I needed to see a number,

+look up `weird error' in the index to The TeXbook.)

+

+chapter6.tex:35: Illegal unit of measure (pt inserted)

+Dimensions can be in units of em, ex, in, pt, pc,

+cm, mm, dd, cc, bp, or sp; but yours is a new one!

+I'll assume that you meant to say pt, for printer's points.

+To recover gracefully from this error, it's best to

+delete the erroneous units; e.g., type `2' to delete

+two letters. (See Chapter 27 of The TeXbook.)

+

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+

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+

+

+Overfull \hbox (20.0pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 42--42

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+

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+and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.

+

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+chapter6.tex:47: Undefined control sequence

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+of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have

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+and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.

+

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+

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+

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+)

+! Emergency stop

+*** (job aborted, no legal \end found)

+

+ 

+Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:

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diff --git a/Smoke/report/chapter6.tex b/Smoke/report/chapter6.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd59860
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Smoke/report/chapter6.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+\chapter{Isosurfaces}

+

+This assignment was a really interesting one. It introduces a method to implement so called isolines. Such an isoline creates a surface that encapsulates a region

+with a value higher than a given threshold. \\

+

+\section{Description}

+

+An isoline is a line that sort to speak follows a given value. If the values of a field ranges from 0 to 1, a good threshold would be 0.6 for instance. The isoline

+visualizes the points that equal the value of 0.6. \\

+

+Our program is able to define the number of contour-lines and the minimum and maximum values in between the isolines are rendered. \\

+

+\section{Implementation}

+

+The algorithm that implements the isolines follows a structured pattern. In pseudo-code it looks like this: \\

+

+\begin{tabbing}

+  for \= (each cell $ c_i $ of the dataset) \\

+  \{ \\

+  \> for \= (each vertex $ v_j $ of $ c_i $) \\

+  \> \> store inside/outside state of $ v_j $ in bit $ b $ of $ status $; \\

+  \> select the optimized code from the case table using $ status $; \\

+  \> for \= (all cell edges $ e_j $ of the selected case) \\

+  \> \> intersect $ e_j $ with the isovalue; \\

+  \> construct the line segment(s); \\

+  \} \\

+\end{tabbing}

+

+So the algorithm passes through every cell and then checks the four cell vertices \{$ v_0 $, $ v_1 $, $ v_2 $, $ v_3 $\} of that cell. Each vertex has it's own

+value. With that value, the algorithm can check if a vertex is inside ($ v_j \geq threshold $) or outside ($ v_j < threshold $) the isosurface. The inside/outside

+state is then stored in a bit. \\

+

+If a vertex, say $ v_0 $ is inside the isosurface, $ v_0 $ is set to 1, else it's left to 0. This is done for all four vertices which results in a 4-bit status.

+This means there are in total 16 different cases in which the isoline can run through a cell. \\

+

+\begin {center}

+  \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{marching.png} \\

+  Figure 5: The 16 marching square cases \\

+\end {center}

+

+The above image (figure 5) shows the 16 different cases in the marching squares algorithm. A white vertex indicates the vertex is outside the isosurface and black

+indicates the vertex is inside the isosurface. Every inside or outside case has it's counterpart. So we reduces the number of cases down to 8. In case 0 and 15 for

+instance, no lines have to be rendered, yet they are both very different cases. \\

+

+The cases 5 and 10 are both ambiguous cases as becomes clear from the next image (figure 6). \\

+

+\begin {center}

+  \includegraphics[width=100mm]{ambiguous.png} \\

+  Figure 6: Two ambiguous cases in the marching squares algorithm \\

+\end {center}

+

+\section{Difficulties}

+

+The contouring algorithm is very simple to implement. Just follow the instructions of the method. To only trouble we had with this implementation was the

+interpolation of the intersection. \\

diff --git a/Smoke/report/chapter7.aux b/Smoke/report/chapter7.aux
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diff --git a/Smoke/report/chapter7.tex b/Smoke/report/chapter7.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a132675
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Smoke/report/chapter7.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+\chapter{Height plots}

+

+This chapter treats a very neat visualization technique, namely the height plots. What are height plots, what are they used for and how did we implement them? \\

+

+\section{Description}

+

+All the previous discussed methods are implemented on a 2D grid. But sometimes it's also useful to see the value not by it's color but by the height of the surface.

+This is exactly what a height plot does. It maps the values onto the Z-axis. This means that, initially, you won't see much differences between the version with and

+without the high plots implemented. This is because of the height that is being drawn onto the Z-axis that runs towards the screen. \\

+

+To make the height more visible, we implemented a method to rotate the field by dragging the mouse over the screen while holding the right mouse button. Then you

+will see the height of the field. \\

+

+\section{Implementation}

+

+First of all we implemented the method to rotate the field by mouse. Without this useful functionality, the height would'nt be that visible. After we implemented

+this feature we added the height to the program. \\

+

+We created the height by adding an extra Z-coordinate to each value. We created an extra array that would keep track of the height of each vertex. When drawing the

+vertex we use the stored height from the array and render the vertex using that value for the Z-coordinate. \\

+

+To see more depth in the picture we also included some ambient and diffuse light to the program. In order to let the light have effect on the surface we calculate

+the normal vector for each vertex. \\

+

+\subsection{Normal vector}

+

+For the calculation of the normal vector for a given vertex, say $ v_0 $, we first take the two neighboring vertices in that cell, $ v_{1} $ and $ v_{2} $. We take

+the difference of $ v_0 $ with $ v_1 $ and of $ v_1 $ with $ v_2 $. Then we take the cross product of these two differences and normalize the result. This gives us

+the normal vector at $ v_0 $. \\

+

+The OpenGL renderer uses this vector to calculate the angle between the normal and the light that is shining on the vertex. This angle is then used to shade a

+vertex and with that an entire surface. \\

+

+\section{Difficulties}

+

+We had some small issues during the implementation of this entire assignment but we managed to implement them correctly. \\

+

+\subsection{Rotation}

+

+The first problem we encountered was due to the rotation of the field. Rotating around one axis was not to difficult. When we tried to rotate the field around two

+or three axis', the simulation wasn't rotating around it's center any more.\\

+

+It turned out we were translating and rotating in the opposite order. When we changed the order of rotating and translating the simulation rotated around it's

+center. \\

+

+\subsection{Height strips}

+

+When we first tried to implement the height plots we simply added a third dimension when rendering the triangle strips for the smoke visualization. This had as an

+effect that the different rows of the simulation where'nt connected. In stead of a height plots we implemented height strips. \\

+

+We countered this problem by first calculation the height for each vertex and when rendering a vertex look up the correct value for the height. \\

+

+\subsection{Calculating the normal}

+

+When enabling the light in our program and adding the normal to each vertex we had some crazy outcome. This was because of the fact we did'nt consistently took the

+left and lower neighbor of a vertex to calculate the normal vector. As a result each vertex was randomly pointing up or downwards. This looked like some sort of

+checkers board. \\

+

+We rendered the normal vectors and immediately saw the cause of the problem. It was simply solved by always taking the right neighbor vertices. \\

diff --git a/Smoke/report/chapter8.aux b/Smoke/report/chapter8.aux
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diff --git a/Smoke/report/chapter8.tex b/Smoke/report/chapter8.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a89337f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Smoke/report/chapter8.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+\chapter{Streamtubes}

+

+The last of the non-optional assignments. This is, just as the height plots, a 3-dimensional assignment although streamlines and streamtubes can be used in 2D

+grids. \\

+

+\section{Description}

+

+Image you let a drop of ink go with the fluid flow for a while. What you will get is a line that shows the path a ink particle has taken. Such a path is called a

+streamline. A streamtube is a 3D variant of a streamline. A streamtube consists of a number of consecutive tubes that together form a thick 3-dimensional flexible

+tube. \\

+

+Each streamtube has a begin and end. The begin point of a streamtube is called a seedpoint. From a seed point the tube will begin flowing with the fluid. It end

+after a number of frames, seconds or parts. This can be variable. \\

+

+The streamtubes we had to implement were'nt actually flowing trough the fluid but through a frame history. Each frame is stored in a history array and the

+streamtube take a path trough history. The 2D grid became a 3D 50x50x50 grid with this new feature. \\

+

+\section{Implementation}

+

+First we implemented the placement of the streamtubes. We chose to let the user be able to point the exact position of each seedpoint by mouse. A seedpoint is

+rendered as a small sphere. \\

+

+We also created a history array that stores up to 50 frames. \\

+

+\section{Difficulties}

+

+We did'nt have enough time to actually trace a streamtube. \\

diff --git a/Smoke/report/chapter9.aux b/Smoke/report/chapter9.aux
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diff --git a/Smoke/report/chapter9.tex b/Smoke/report/chapter9.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49a1c86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Smoke/report/chapter9.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+\chapter{Conclusion}

+

+We saw a lot of different visualization methods, algorithm, techniques, tips and tricks during the entire course. We participated with great enthusiasm and look

+back to a successful semester. \\

+

+We also have some conclusions and recommendations about visualization and this course. \\

+

+\section{Visualization}

+

+When we first started this course we did'nt know what visualization was truly about. It's not about drawing nice pictures, but the entire process from getting the

+measured data up until the rendering process; it's the visualization pipeline. \\

+

+So, visualization itself is a field in which many specializations of other fields are used. Think of physics, mathematics, computer science, computer graphics and

+probably many more. \\

+

+A lot of research is still being done. The translation from 3D to 2D brings difficulties. Some information is hard to visualize in 2 and/or 3 dimensions. The bigger

+glyphs get, the more they overlap. If you use blending, some details are lost but some new information may be gained. These examples are only a two of many more

+tradeoffs when visualizing large datasets. \\

+

+\section{The course}

+

+The visualization course encourages to explore the given assignments in different directions. It is stated that visualization is much about designing creative

+solutions to a given problem to gain different insights. And this turned out to be a positive approach for us to some of the assignments. \\

+

+We say it turned out to be a positive approach to \underline{some} of the assignments. For some other problems we needed the insight of an expert. We found it very

+useful to be able to mail some of the troubles we had during the implementation. \\

+

+The two practical hours after the theoretical part were a bit to crowded for the teacher to be able to handle all questions from the students. This was a bit of a

+downside. Because of this we were'nt always able to show our new results or post question during the practical hour. \\

diff --git a/Smoke/report/flow_vis.png b/Smoke/report/flow_vis.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b00c061
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Smoke/report/flow_vis.png
diff --git a/Smoke/report/glyphs.png b/Smoke/report/glyphs.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c5f963
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/Smoke/report/glyphs2.png b/Smoke/report/glyphs2.png
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index 0000000..07a6367
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diff --git a/Smoke/report/marching.png b/Smoke/report/marching.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed7e717
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/Smoke/report/practical.png b/Smoke/report/practical.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3aa39b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Smoke/report/practical.png
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